Dados do Trabalho

Name: SBNI 2024
Start: 2024-11-06
End: 2024-11-09
Location: CICB

Título

MICROBIOTA GUT-BRAIN AXIS: NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION AND THE MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Introdução

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors. The connection between the gut and the brain has been the focus of studies aiming to understand how the imbalance of homeostasis in this axis can influence behavior, responses to stressors, emotional dysregulation, and neurodevelopment. Consequently, this aggravates the symptomatology of ASD and corroborates with the increased risk of associated comorbidities.

Objetivo

This study aims to explore how nutritional intervention can be used as an effective tool in managing ASD, focusing on the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and its impact on the behavioral and cognitive symptoms associated with the disorder, as well as on psychological development.

Método

The literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were selected, addressing the relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal homeostasis, and ASD, as well as specific nutritional interventions such as gluten-free and casein-free diets, probiotic supplements, essential fatty acids, and vitamin deficiencies.

Resultados

The reviewed studies indicate that imbalances in gut microbiota are common in individuals with ASD, resulting in systemic inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Nutritional interventions, such as specific diets and supplements, have proven effective in improving the composition of gut microbiota and consequently reducing ASD symptoms. Gluten-free and casein-free diets, as well as probiotic supplementation, have shown promising results in improving behavioral and cognitive symptoms in children with ASD. Additionally, the microbiome has been proven to be related to myelination processes and the plasticity of the prefrontal cortex, a brain area implicated in important psychiatric disorders.

Conclusão

Nutritional intervention emerges as a potentially effective tool in the management of ASD, acting through the modulation of intestinal homeostasis. This expands therapeutic approaches and increases the success rate in behavioral management, reducing dysfunctional behaviors. Consequently, there is an emerging need for the medical and scientific community to focus on long-term clinical trials and to promote research regarding the benefits of these interventions, as well as to establish specific nutritional guidelines for the management of ASD.

Referências

KIM, J. Y.; SON, M. J.; SON, C. Y.; RADUA, J.; EISENHUT, M.; GRESSIER, F.; KOYANAGI, A.; CARVALHO, A. F.; STUBBS, B.; SOLMI, M. et al. Environmental risk factors and biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder: an umbrella review of the evidence. Lancet Psychiatry, v. 6, n. 7, p. 590-600, 2019.

TANIYA, M. A.; CHUNG, H. J.; AL MAMUN, A.; ALAM, S.; AZIZ, M. A.; EMON, N. U.; ISLAM, M. M.; HONG, S. S.; PODDER, B. R.; ARA MIMI, A.; AKTAR SUCHI, S.; XIAO, J. Role of Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Therapeutic Regulation. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, v. 12, 22 jul. 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.915701. PMID: 35937689; PMCID: PMC9355470. Disponível em: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.915701/full. Acesso em: 24 jun. 2024.

D'ARGENIO, V. N.; D'ARGENIO, C.; CASTELLANETA, S.; DE GIACOMO, A.; LAGUARDIA, M.; SCHETTINI, F.; FRANCAVILLA, R.; CRISTOFORI, F. Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Possible Implications in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients, v. 15, n. 7, 27 mar. 2023. DOI: 10.3390/nu15071620. PMID: 37049461; PMCID: PMC10096948.

KORTENIEMI, J.; KARLSSON, L.; AATSINKI, A. Systematic review: Autism spectrum disorder and the gut microbiota. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, v. 148, n. 3, p. 242-254, set. 2023. DOI: 10.1111/acps.13587. Epub 3 jul. 2023. PMID: 37395517.

RISTORI, M. V.; QUAGLIARIELLO, A.; REDDEL, S.; IANIRO, G.; VICARI, S.; GASBARRINI, A.; PUTIGNANI, L. Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients, v. 11, n. 11, 18 nov. 2019. DOI: 10.3390/nu11112812. PMID: 31752095; PMCID: PMC6893818.