Dados do Trabalho

Título

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND THE PROPORTIONAL VACCINATION COVERAGE IN STATE OF ALAGOAS DURING THE PERIOD OF 2020 - 2023

Introdução

Bacterial meningitis is defined as an inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord, caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Escherichia coli (enterobacteria). The clinical picture
varies depending on the patient's age and, in general, begins acutely, with the symptomatological triad: fever, headache and vomiting. Other manifestations such as photophobia, chills, lack of appetite, myalgia, decreased visual acuity and malaise may be present. Vaccination is considered the most effective way to prevent the disease, and vaccines against meningococcus are serogroup specific and are used in routine vaccination and also to control outbreaks.

Objetivo

To estimate the number of reported cases of meningitis and the proportion of vaccination coverage in pediatric population in Alagoas from 2020 to 2023

Método

This is a descriptive study based on notification data of cases of meningitis available in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), for the period from 2020 to 2023. To evaluate the vaccination coverage for meningitis in the same period, data from the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI) were used. All data refer to the state of Alagoas.

Resultados

Between 2020 and 2023, 162 cases of meningitis were reported in the pediatric population in the state of Alagoas, with 23 cases recorded in 2020, 26 in 2021, 34 in 2022 and 79 in 2023, observing a progressive increase in the number of those affected. The largest number of cases was registered in the age group of 1 to 4 years (41), which corresponds to 25% of notifications. Between 2020 and 2022, vaccination coverage of 80.39% was recorded in the state of Alagoas, being the second highest in the Northeast. However, there was a decrease in the number of first boosters, with a drop of 3.11% (77.28%).

Conclusão

The analysis of the data collected reveals the exponential increase in the number of cases, associated with this alert to the importance of vaccination, considering that the State did not reach the vaccination coverage target (95%), thus corroborating the persistence of the disease and its transmission.

Referências

DE LIMA SILVA, Laura Vitoria; BARBOSA, Amanda; DE PAULA, Beatriz. PERFIL TERAPÊUTICO DA MENINGITE BACTERIANA NA PEDIATRIA. Anais da Semana Universitária e Encontro de Iniciação Científica (ISSN: 2316-8226), v. 1, n. 1, 2023.

Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Guia de Vigilância em Saúde. 5a ed. Revisada e atualizada Brasília: Editora MS; 2022. 1126 p. Único vol. ISBN 978-65-5993-102-6.

Palavras Chave

Bacterial meningitis; Epidemiology; Children