Dados do Trabalho

Título

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF CONGENITAL SYPHILIS IN THE STATE OF ALAGOAS FROM JUNE 2020 TO JUNE 2024 AND CORRELATION WITH ITS IMPACT ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Introdução

Congenital syphilis occurs through vertical or transplacental transmission of the bacterium Treponema pallidum, in cases of mothers who were not tested during prenatal care or who received inadequate treatment. It can affect the central nervous system, neurosyphilis, in around 60% of cases. It is characterized by acute leptomeningitis and chronic meningovascular syphilis, which causes hydrocephaly, cranial nerve palsy, deterioration of intellectual and neuropsychomotor development, and cerebral infarction. The diagnosis is based on reagent cerebrospinal fluid.

Objetivo

To estimate the incidence of congenital syphilis in the state of Alagoas from June 2020 to June 2024, in order to correlate the proportion of cases with their possible complications for the central nervous system.

Método

This is a descriptive study based on epidemiological data from the Department of Information and Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), on the incidence of congenital syphilis in the state of Alagoas from June 2020 to June 2024. To correlate with the repercussions for the central nervous system, the Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines for the Prevention of Vertical Transmission of Congenital Syphilis were used, available in the Virtual Library of the Ministry of Health.

Resultados

In the period from June 2020 to June 2024, 1.802 cases of congenital syphilis were recorded in the state of Alagoas, whose year of highest incidence of the disease was 2021, responsible for 474 cases, followed by 465 in 2023, 420 in 2022, 317 in 2020 and 126 in 2024. The year with the highest mortality rate was 2022, responsible for a rate of 0.48. Only 3 deaths were recorded in the period studied, 2 in 2022 and 1 in 2023. The average length of hospital stay was 10 days, with 18,096 days of hospital stay recorded. The most affected age group was children under 1 year of age, with 1,794 cases recorded, followed by 1 to 4 years old with 2 cases. The average value per hospitalization was R$1,653.54.

Conclusão

Congenital syphilis is a preventable disease, which has seen a reduction in cases, but still maintains a significant incidence in the state of Alagoas, with high public spending. Despite the low mortality rate, it is responsible for relevant morbidity, including the involvement of the central nervous system, making early diagnosis and treatment essential in order to avoid its complications.

Referências

Ministério da Saúde. DATASUS. Tabnet. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde, 2024.
Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Prevenção da Transmissão Vertical do HIV, Sífilis e Hepatites Virais [recurso eletrônico] / Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos em Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. – Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2022.

Palavras Chave

Syphilis Congenital; central nervous system bacterial infections; neuroinfection