Dados do Trabalho

Título

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR CHILDHOOD STROKE BETWEEN 2008 AND 2023

Introdução

The World Health Organisation defines stroke as “a clinical syndrome typified by rapidly developing signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral functions, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent causes other than of vascular origin”. Stroke, increasingly recognised in children in recent years, is an important cause of long-term morbidity and disability. In high-income countries, annual incidence estimates range from 1.3 to 13 strokes per 100,000 children (defined as from birth to 18 years of age).

Objetivo

To analyze the epidemiological profile of hospital admissions for pediatric stroke in the Brazilian public health system between 2008 and 2023.

Método

This is an ecological, cross-sectional and retrospective study based on data taken from DATASUS, Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, described in Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) databases related to hospitalizations for stroke in patients under the age of 19 during the period from 2008 to 2023. Data was collected on the number of hospitalizations, age, reporting state, gender and deaths.

Resultados

The results showed that the total number of hospitalizations over the years varied, with a peak in 2020 (211 hospitalizations) and a cumulative total of 2,437 hospitalizations during the period. Furthermore, the incidence observed during the period was 0.13 per 100,000 children per year. The majority of hospitalizations, 823, occurred among white individuals (33.7%). Moreover, the most affected age groups by hospitalizations were 15 to 19 years old, with 1,267 , and 10 to 14 years old, with 493. The distribution by sex shows a no predominance of hospitalizations among boys (1,293) compared to girls (1,144), with a ratio close to 1:1. Additionally, deaths were most frequent in the 15 to 19 age group (117 deaths), followed by the 10 to 14 year olds (58 deaths). Lethality was highest in the under 1 year old age group (18.02%). Consequently, the total fatality rate for the period was 10.55%, with 257 deaths recorded.

Conclusão

This study reveals a relatively low incidence of 0.13 per 100,000 children per year, with annual variations. The majority of hospitalizations occurred among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years old, with a slightly greater gender distribution among boys. The fatality rate was highest in children under 1 year of age and totaled 10.55% for the period studied, highlighting the need for more effective prevention and treatment strategies for this age group.

Referências

1. Oborska Z, Urban P, Wychowaniec K, Jóźwiak S. Paediatric stroke - a review of current guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2020;54(2):116–24.
2. Chung B, Wong V. Pediatric Stroke Among Hong Kong Chinese Subjects. Pediatrics. 1o de agosto de 2004;114(2):e206–12.
3. Sporns PB, Fullerton HJ, Lee S, Kim H, Lo WD, Mackay MT, et al. Childhood stroke. Nat Rev Dis Primer. 24 de fevereiro de 2022;8(1):12.
4. Eltayeb AA, Askar GA, Abu Faddan NH, Kamal TM. Prothrombotic risk factors and antithrombotic therapy in children with ischemic stroke. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. março de 2015;8(2):71–81.

Palavras Chave

Epidemiology; Pediatrics; stroke