Dados do Trabalho

Título

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN BRAZIL AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO CHILDHOOD MORTALITY BETWEEN THE PERIOD OF 2020 TO 2024

Introdução

Congenital malformations of the central nervous system represent an important cause of perinatal deaths and infant morbidity and mortality. It has a multifactorial etiology, being influenced by genetic, environmental and, in most cases, unknown factors. Among them, the most common are: hydrocephaly, myelomeningocele, encephalocele, corpus callosum agenesis, anencephaly, holoprosencephaly, Dandy-Walker, Arnold-Chiari, hydranencephaly, meningocele and arachnoid cyst.

Objetivo

To evaluate the incidence of congenital malformations of the central nervous system in Brazil and their contribution to infant mortality between 2020 and 2024.

Método

This is a descriptive study based on epidemiological data from the Department of Information and Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), on the incidence of congenital malformations of the central nervous system and their contribution to infant mortality in the period from 2020 to 2024.

Resultados

15,539 congenital malformations of the central nervous system were recorded in the period studied in the five regions of Brazil, with the highest incidence in the Southeast with 5,380 cases, followed by the Northeast with 5,154, South with 1,929, North with 1,789 and Central-West with 1,287. The age group most affected by hospitalizations were children under 1 year old with 8,922 cases, followed by 1 to 4 years old with 1,798 cases and 5 to 9 years old with 970 cases. A slight prevalence was observed in females with 8,016 cases (51.58%). It has an average mortality rate of 6.99, with 1,064 deaths occurring during the period studied, with the highest number of deaths in 2020, responsible for 248 cases.

Conclusão

Congenital malformations of the central nervous system showed a significant incidence in the period studied, with more frequent hospitalizations in the first year of life, with the Southeast being the state with the highest number of cases, and females being the group with the highest prevalence. 1,064 deaths were recorded during the studied period, which corresponded to 6.8% of malformations. This has a negative impact as an indicator of the health of a community and an in-depth understanding of other risk factors for social, economic and health fragility is necessary so that the chances of survival of this population can be increased.

Referências

Ministério da Saúde. DATASUS. Tabnet. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde, 2024.

Palavras Chave

CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS; Nervous System Diseases; Epidemiology